The yuezhi conquered bactria in the 2nd century bce and divided the country into five chiefdoms, one of. Kushan fusion circa 120 timeline homeland afghanistan. It asserts that more than hundred years after their division, the hsihou or yavuga of kueishuang, named chiuchiuchueh attacked and destroyed the other four yavugas and established himself as their wang or king and the kingdom was named kueishuang, i. Kushan empire is part of wikiproject central asia, a project to improve all central asiarelated articles. A brief overview the kushan or kushano of the epigraphical and numismatic sources of india and central asia, and kueishauang of the chinese sources1 2 was the name of a tribe which together with other tribes formed a tribal confederacy of rather mixed origin. The history of the kushan empire presents many difficulties, given the paucity and heterogeneity of the grecoroman, syrian, indian, and chinese sources.
From historical atlas of india, by charles joppen london. Kushan art in the north 323 kushan art in bactria 343. Under the rule of the kushans, northwest india and adjoining regions participated both in seagoing trade and in commerce along the silk road to china. Kushana empire and the silk route their capital was purushpura currently peswar in pakistan 3. The foundation of the kushan empire in bactria and india was the result of a long series of ethnic migrations. We know, however, that the initial establishment of the kushan empire took place in bactria, were balkh was used, in continuation of the grecobactrian tradition, as a center for minting tetradrachms and other coins. There were, however, different types for which the term composite might be more apt. It spread tae encompass much o afghanistan, an then the northren pairts o the indian. Notes on the yuezhi kushan relationship and kushan chronology. All efforts have been made to make this image accurate.
Eventually, the kushan empire divided into two halfs, and one half was conquered by the sassanid empire of persia while the other was taken over by the guptas of india. Over the ruins of the empire, in central asia and the west, rose the sassanian empire of persia and in india. Kushan heraios,tyrant of the kushan circa 5 bcad5 or later. Kushan empire coins for sale buy kushan empire coins. Indian history kushans and kanishkas,iasips free study. According to some historians, the word gurjar is derived from the word gushur. One of the successors of kanishka was vasudeva who is considered to be a shiva worshipper and the figures of shiva is found on his coins had assumed the title shaono shao vasudeo kushano. Sep 11, 2009 kushan empire in the early 2nd century bc, a tribe on the central asian frontier of china called hsiungnu defeated a neighboring one known as yuehchih. After more conflict, the survivors of the yuehchih were dislocated west, passing down the ili river valley and along the southern shore of lake issyk kul. Therefore, the predecessor of the kushan dynasty is undoubtedly the xihou of. The coins of the kushanas were produced by diestriking. Kushanas are considered to be one of the five branches of the yuezhi tribe who. Kusan, bactrian kosano of the 1st3rd centuries ce i. However interpreted, the sasanian conquest of the western kushan provinces is a further.
The kushan people who moved into afghanistan in the 1st century ad were originally a nomadic group found in central asia around the ferghana valley in central asia then moved into afghanistan. Haluk berkmen in chapter 27, from kurgans to pyramids the kushite empire was mentioned and its name meaning bird in turkish was questioned. Kushan control fragmented into semiindependent kingdoms as the sassanians attacked from the west and the guptas attacked from the east, collapsing the kushan empire around 375 ce. Who are modern day descendant of yuezhi who had founded. Kushan empire bactrian greek 30375 a map of india in the 2nd century ce showing the extent of the kushan empire during the reign of kanishka.
How prezi does project status updates with a distributed workplace. The fact remains, however, that the kushans fell to the sassanians. In addition, their placement in the history of india, another land where they wielded much power, is also in the context of a foreign. Kushan empire coins for sale buy kushan empire coins from. As the kushans created a vast empire under kanishka i the iconographic imagery, as well as the deities on the kushan coins, became more and more indian. Ncert notes on important topics for the ias aspirants.
The kushan empire was a syncretic empire, formed by the yuezhi, in the bactrian territories in the early 1st century. This sample kushan empire research paper is published for educational and informational purposes only. Free research papers are not written by our writers, they are contributed by users, so we are not responsible for the content of this free sample paper. That empire would make a profound decision, and that decision would revolutionize all of asia. Advisor of chandragupta who wrote ancient political handbook known as the arthashastra, a manual offering detailed instructions on the uses of power and the principles of government. Shapur is inscription on the kacbe of zoroaster at naqshi rustam claims to have incorporated the kingdom of the kushans up to peshawar in the sasanian empire. It was in eastern and northern afghanistan and the northwest of india. The kushan empire reached its greatest extent during the reign of kaniska, whose legacy as a powerful emperor is preserved in inscriptions, textual traditions, archaeological remains, and coins. The kushanas defeated the shakas and the pahlavasparthinians and went on to create a big empire in afganistan, pakistan and northern parts of india. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Kushan kingdom, buddhism, empire, sources, period, century, chronicle. Previously a nomadic people living in eastern central asia, the yuezhi moved. Chapteriii kushana coins and inscriptions the greatest testimony of kushana power in india is in the form of abundant kushana coins and a large number of inscriptions which are retrieved from all quarters of their empire. Role of kushana empire in buddhism and hinduism by adesh katariya plast.
The kushans played an important role in the trade along the silk roads. From the kushans to the western turks 200 the kushan empire in east iran the. Sep 15, 2016 the kushan empire was a syncretic empire, formed by yuezhi, in the bactrian territories in the early 1st century. The name kushan derives from the chinese term guishang, used in historical writings to describe one branch of the yuezhia loose confederation of indoeuropean people who had been living in northwestern china until they were driven west. The kushan empire was a syncretic empire, formed by yuezhi, in the bactrian territories in the early 1st century. Map showing the kushan empire with capital cities and current country boundaries. Yu taishan, the origin of the kushans, sinoplatonic papers, 212 july 2011 3 distant by 5,962 li. Under kanishkas rule, kushan controlled a large territory ranging from the aral sea through areas that include presentday uzbekistan, afghanistan, and pakistan into northern india as far east as benares and as far south as sanchi. Greek deities, with greek names are represented on early coins. The art of mathura both precedes and postdates kushan art over a total span of about 1,000 years, but the mathura workshops were most active and productive during the rule of the kushan emperors. This blog talks about the indian and the iranian deities on kushan coins.
Kushan empire simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. One of the successors of kanishka was vasudeva who is considered to be a shiva worshipper and the figures of shiva is found on his coins had. Kushan dynasty, kushan also spelled kusana, ruling line descended from the yuezhi, a people that ruled over most of the northern indian subcontinent, afghanistan, and parts of central asia during the first three centuries of the common era. If you want to buy a high quality research paper on history topics at affordable price please use custom research paper writing services. Expansion and decline of the kushan empire the kushan empire was an empire in south asia originally formed in the early 1st century ce in the territories of ancient bactria around the oxus river. The eastwest trade routes between greece and china began to open during the first and second centuries b. The kushan were a branch of the yuezhi confederation.
Termez, as well as the area of ai khanoum were also heavily settled and urbanized, with fortresses and urban constructions. The kushans spread from the kabul river valley to defeat other central asian tribes that had previously. The kushans spread from the kabul river valley to defeat other central asian tribes that had previously conquered parts of the northern central iranian. It was in eastern and northern afghanistan and the northwest of india the kushan were a branch of the yuezhi confederation. Grierson, numismatics, oxford university press, london, 1975, p.
The well executed kushan coins are also objects of art 1 p. While coins float, travel and circulate even outside the political boundaries of an empire, reflecting its. Especially kanishka, huvishka and vasudeva second and third centuries a. The yuezhi conquered bactria in the 2nd century bce and divided the country into five chiefdoms, one of which was that of the kushans guishuang. Kushan empire chakravarti major reference works wiley. The first mention of the yuchi the tribal confederacy the kushans came to dominate is in the second century bc, under pressure from the nomadic hsiungnu they are pushed westwards into the greek kingdom of bactria, which they conquer before 129 bc. Oct 10, 2015 the art of mathura both precedes and postdates kushan art over a total span of about 1,000 years, but the mathura workshops were most active and productive during the rule of the kushan emperors. During the first to midthird centuries ce, the empire of the kushans mid. The kushans fostered a mixed culture that is best illustrated by the variety of deitiesgrecoroman. Answer the following questions based on the reading and on your prior knowledge. Koves, margit 2001, stein the hungarian scholar pdf, himalayan and central asian studies. Kharoshthi inscriptions with exception of those of asoka. Ninety years may be a short period of time in the grand scale of all things historical but it isnt so for me. Kushan art, art produced during the kushan dynasty from about the late 1st to the 3rd century ce in an area that now includes parts of central asia, northern india, pakistan, and afghanistan.
Gushur gujur gurjar gujjars gushur become gurjar the ruling class of the gushur kushan empire was called. Jan 09, 2012 the kings of the kushana empire had assumed eloquent titles such as maharaj, rajatiraj king of kings etc. Propecia cost per pill fda approved pharmacy canada. History of india, indian history, kamasutra about the wives of other people chapter 1. According to the rabatak bactrian inscription, the kushan realm at the time of kaniska extended to the cities of saketa, kausambi, pataliputra, and sri. Given their central location between the mediterranean and china, the kushans linked europe and asia and helped connect parthia persia, rome. Kusansahr represented a major world power in central asia and northern india. The kushan empire survived for about 90 years after kanishkas death. The kushanas defeated the shakas and the pahlavasparthinians and went on to create a big empire in. Pdf from the kushans to the western turks khodadad. These notes will also be useful for other competitive exams like banking po, ssc, state civil services exams and so on. The reason being that, this word is found in languages that have been separated for very long periods of time. Mar 04, 2016 as the kushans created a vast empire under kanishka i the iconographic imagery, as well as the deities on the kushan coins, became more and more indian. The kushan religious pantheon is extremely varied, as revealed by their coins and their seals, on which more than 30 different gods appear, belonging to the hellenistic, the iranian, and to a lesser extent the indian world.
Most historians consider the empire to have variously extended as far east as the middle ganges plain, to varanasi on the confluence of the ganges and the jumna, or probably even pataliputra. Some scholars connect the kushans with the tocharians of the tarim basin in china, caucasian people whose blonde or redhaired mummies have long puzzled observers. Notes on the yuezhi kushan relationship and kushan. Isbn 9789231028465 kushan art in the north in proportion and adorned with two or three rows of heavy acanthus leaves.
Kushan territories full line an maximum extent o kushan dominions unner kanishka the great dottit line, accordin tae the rabatak inscription. Sixty kilometers northwest of kabul, near todays city of charikar, at the junction of the ghorband and the panjshir valley, the summer capital of the kushan empire was built, known as kapisa later known as begram, not to be confused with bagram, site of the modern air base. As the kushan empire was situated in a crucial geographical region. The kushanas had originally belonged to the regions of western china. As the kushans progressed further into northwestern india, kujula kadphises adopted the title great king, king of kings on coins patterned on those of saka and. Deities on kushan coins part ii blog mintage world. The kushan empire began in the early 1st century as a branch of the yuezhi, a confederation of ethnically indoeuropeans nomads who lived in eastern central asia. Culture and art of the kushan kingdom eas publisher. This includes but is not limited to afghanistan, kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan, mongolia, tajikistan, tibet, turkmenistan, uzbekistan, xinjiang and central asian portions of iran, pakistan and russia, regionspecific topics, and anything else related to central asia. It spread to encompass much of afghanistan, and then the northern parts of the. Michael wood tells the story of the forgotten empire of the kushans that ruled india in the first centuries ad. It is generally accepted that qiujiuque, the founder of the guishuang dynasty, is.
Expansion and decline of the kushan empire directions. Reign of kujula kadphises, founder of the kushan empire. The kings of the kushana empire had assumed eloquent titles such as maharaj, rajatiraj king of kings etc. One of five branches of the yuezhi, who invaded bactria in 5 bce, and spread southeast to form the kushan empire around 30 ce. Kushan empire in the early 2nd century bc, a tribe on the central asian frontier of china called hsiungnu defeated a neighboring one known as yuehchih. Notes on the yuezhi kushan relationship and kushan chronology by hans loeschner professor michael fedorov provided a rejoinder1 with respect to several statements in the article2 a new oeshoshiva image of sasanian peroz taking power in the northern part of the kushan empire. Abstract the kushans, originating out of the central asian nomadic yuezhi group, established a mighty empire during the early centuries ce. The yuchi undergo a number of changes in the next century or so and come to be dominated by one tribe, the. Kushana origin kushana was a gotra subtribe of yuezhi guzar, also called tushar. Speaking in general about the achievement of the kushans, the first is the economic prosperity.
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